Ferrara

Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta are the first examples of Italian Renaissance town planning and its influence on the landscape.

In the late 15th century, the plan of the medieval city was redesigned and extended based on a complex urban plan on the orders of the ruling Duke Ercole d'Este I. Ferrara at that time grew into a cultural center, renowned for music as well as for visual arts. The Este family also carried out extensive land reclamation and building projects in the Po Delta, culminating in a network of noble residences.

Community Perspective: Ferrara has a certain charm, and it’s a university town so there is liveliness. Highlights here include the Palazzo Diamanti, the smaller Palazzo Marfisa d'Este, and the frescoes of the Palazzo Schifanoia. You can also cycle on the city wall. Some elements of the included Po Delta have been described by John.

Map of Ferrara

Community Reviews

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Jakob Frenzel

Germany - 24-May-23 -

March 2023 - so far we had missed Ferrara on our trips. This time it was on the itinerary, as we wanted to complete Italy's WHS list. After we had lunch in Vicenza we drove partly Highway, partly on smaller roads towards our next Stop. South of the old town there is a large parking lot at the mura ferrara where we also spent the night in our campervan.

It was only a few minutes walk to the Castello and the Cattedrale. This evening we still had Gelato and Pizza on the hand and made a short walk through the old town. However, as it was Friday night, the bars filled up with more and more people, thus we decided to return to the Camper. I woke up at 6 next morning and decided to take another Walk through the center. Garbagemen were tyding up squeky clean.

I still visited the old ghetto and got some Coppia ferrarese, which actually do not taste like anything.

Three weeks later, on our way back north we crossed parts of the PO-Delta did not get the OUV of the area. though. In comparison the Risotto fields around Mantua seem way worthy.

Matejicek

Czechia - 16-Jun-19 -

Ferrara was a surprise for me. I expected just another WHS Italian town, but it can be described as a flat urban landscape stuffed with monuments such as Duomo, Castello Estenze, Palazzo Diamanti and others monumental buildings and palaces. So, my advice how to enjoy such sites is to be lost in the streets and to be “shocked” by random finding of something exceptional – for example 15th century Casa Romei (PHOTO) with very nice courtyards, loggias and original wooden ceilings. The town is quite big, thus tourists are evenly scattered within the large area, which is very refreshing after visiting touristy spots like Florence.

Palazzo Diamanti and its neighborhood are also very nice. The gallery inside the palace was officially opened, but the cash desk was locked. So, it was possible to enter but not possible to buy a ticket… that was eventually OK for me as I enjoyed the façade decoration from outside only. I would not expect anything inside that would beat my impression from what I have seen outside. Duomo, at least from outside, is in quite a bad shape, it is covered by lichens and other flora, and seemed to collapse soon, and thus it is closed for visitors and under reconstruction. The main façade is hidden under scaffolding. As I saw magnificent cathedrals in Modena and Parma, I was not disappointed and enjoyed the narrow streets and palaces all around. It was also very interesting to see that the former ghetto with synagogue and school are very ordinary district, I would say, and it cannot be recognized until you noticed the signs.

Historical center of Ferrara is inscribed together with Po delta. I have not visited the area of the delta, but what I could see from a plane looked fascinating.

To conclude: I liked center of Ferrara and together with Po delta landscape is worth visiting as well as inscription.

Klaus Freisinger

Austria - 01-May-16 -

Ferrara is certainly one of the most livable cities in Italy, being the country's bicycle capital and having many green spaces. Its historic centre is quite interesting and pleasant, as well, but to me it did not appeal so much as a WH city. The cathedral and the Castello Estense, the city's landmark, are not bad (especially the moat), but nothing outstanding. I also saw the Palazzo dei Diamanti, famous for its unique wall, and the Palazzo Schifanoia, with its beautiful frescoes. To see the Po Delta part of the inscription, I took a bus out to Comacchio, a pleasant little town with a pretty Old Town and direct access to the canals and waterways that make up the delta. I just saw a small part of it, but I do believe that the Po Delta, as a unique cultural landscape, would easily stand on its own as a separate WH site, as I can't really see a very close connection to Ferrara (except for geographical reasons). Maybe then Ferrara should have been combined with Mantova as a pair of Renaissance towns.

John booth

New Zealand - 09-Dec-12 -

Finally I have succeeded in finding my way into the Po Delta area. I took a FER train from Ferrara to Codigoro to see the flood protection structures in the district.

I then took a bus to Commacchio, a picturesque town on the edge of its namesake lagoon. The lagoon is very popular with fishermen, but the town has a network of canals and bridges and a collection of restored medieval buildings. A veritable mini-Venice.

A combined bus/train journey brought me back to Ferrara.

Clyde

Malta - 18-Sep-12 -

I visited this WHS in September 2012. The highlight of this medieval city is the Castello Estense. The visit inside is very informative and you get to see the dungeons where prisoners used to be kept. The mirrors are a great way to help illustrate the painted ceilings. The Cathedral and Palazzo dei Diamanti as well as Piazza Trieste are worth visiting too.

Hubert

Austria - 20-May-12 -

Ferrara is one of my favourite cities in northern Italy, although its buildings and churches are less outstanding compared to other cities such as Verona and Vicenza. The plan of the city and most of the historic buildings date from the 14th and 15th Century, when Ferrara was ruled by the Este family. The historic centre is dominated by the Castello Estense and the Gothic cathedral. The Castello has everything you'd expect from a medieval castle: drawbridges, a moat, towers, a dungeon. But the upper parts were reconstructed in the 16th Century, the battlements were replaced with terraces and balconies. Worth seeing are also the Palazzo dei Diamanti with its exceptional facade of pyramid-shaped blocks of marble (the interior picture gallery is not very interesting), the nearby Palazzo Prosperi with an portico decorated with putti (photo), the Palazzina Marfina d'Este, the Casa Romei, the Palazzo Schifanoia (wonderful frescoes in the Sala dei Mesi), the Via delle Volte, the outside staircase of the Palazzo Municipale, and the Cimitero della Certosa.

We liked best to ride by bike on the city wall that surrounds the whole historic centre and so we explored also the remote parts of the old city. Ferrara is known as a city of cyclists and bicycles are available in most hotels. Ferrara is a university town, and therefore has also a good night-life. If the weather is fine a trip to the Po Delta is worthwhile, especially if you like birdwatching. The best is to rent a bicycle and cycle along the marshlands and lagoons. The WHS includes also several Delizie (villas of the Este family) in the area around Ferrara. But they are hardly worth a visit, most of them can be seen only from the outside or are not accessible at all.

Els Slots

The Netherlands - 04-Feb-12 -

Ferrara has a certain charm and calmness, but I found it not up to par with great Italian cities like Verona, let alone Venice or Rome. The Michelin Green Guide gives it 2 stars (“worth a detour”), and that is about right. I stayed there for 2 nights, using it as a base for a day trip to Mantua also.

The various sights are scattered around the city center, showing the town’s various stages of development which are so crucial in its OUV of “Renaissance town planning”. To the east lie several small palaces, built by wealthy relatives and supporters of the ruling d’Este family. The Palazzina Marfisa d'Este for example is a villa with a garden that could be lovely if well-attended (I was visiting in winter so maybe it is nicer in spring or summer). There’s a loggia at the back, and the house’s interior has many decorated ceilings and period (or later) furniture. The nearby Casa di Romei is bigger, has two stories and houses a small museum.

At the heart of the city are the Cathedral and the Castle. Both have striking exteriors. In the interior of the Cathedral dark grey colours stand out – I was not too impressed with it. The Castle’s interior is quite barren too but is surely worth visiting. At the lower levels, the history of the city and the d’Este family is told via displays, and in another part, the frescoed ceilings are shown up-and-close via mirrors on the ground. There are some particularly gloomy dungeons too.

North of here starts the Renaissance extension of the town, with straight streets and monumental houses. The famous Palazzo dei Diamanti lies here. By then it had started to rain, so after a few quick photos, I cut my visit short.

John booth

New Zealand - 16-Sep-11 -

The WHS site includes several buildings from different periods. The Castello Estense and the Palazzo Municipale are from the medieval period, while the Palazzi Diamante, Guido d'Este and Turchi-di Bagno are typical buildings of the renaissance period.

Buses #1&9 link the station with the Castello Estense and the Parco Pareschi.

Graeme Ramshaw

01-May-05 -

Spent a pleasant midday strolling around the Renaissance city of Ferrara. Really enjoyed the unusual cathedral (pictured) and the frescoes of the Palazzo Schifanoia. Most striking, however, is the city-planning: from the winding alleyways of the medieval old town to the grid-like streets of the Renaissance-era Herculanean Addition. Throw in some fantastic parks and impressive architecture and Ferrara makes a wonderful day trip for those in the Emilia-Romagna region.

Natasha Kelly

England - 01-May-05 -

I stayed in Ferrara for eight months as part of my BA Italian degreee and I really enjoyed it. The city was great, there are a lot of things to see. There are many places, but the best are the Palazzo Diamanti and the smaller Palazzo Marfisa d'Este. Other places of cultural interest are the two cathedrals- the gothic facade of San Giorgio is amazing, whilst the Castle is a reminder of the Este family who ruled Ferrara in the 15th century.

There are many parks to rest and enjoy the sunny weather, such as the wonderful Parco Massari, or the Piazza Ariostea where there is an annual racing event, the Palio, that dates back to the mediavel time.

Not only is Ferrara steeped in history, but it is close to many of the northern cities. Venice is only an hour away by Eurostar, whilst Padua, Mantua and Verona are easily within two hours. Florence is only under two hours away as well!

There are clubs and bars too, making Ferrara's night life good! There is always a restaurant or pizzeria around the city, offering good value for money.

Overall Ferrara is a great place to visit, or use as a stopping point to move onto somewhere else!

Community Rating

88 Votes 3.28 Score

Site Info

Full Name: Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta
Unesco ID: 733
Country: Italy
Inscribed: 1995
Type: Cultural
Criteria: 2 3 4 5 6
Categories: Human activity - Urban planning
Link: By ID

Site History

1999 Extended

1999 Name change

From "City of Ferrara" to "Ferrara, City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta"

1999 Revision

Includes former TWHS Pomposa Abbey (1984)

1999 Revision

Includes former TWHS the Po Delta (1982)

1995 Inscribed

Site Links

Unesco Website

Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta

Official Website

Tourist portal of Ferrara

The Este Ducal delizie (princely residences)

Locations

The site has 2 locations

Ferrara

Ferrara: Diamantina

Connections

The site has 106 connections

Art and Architecture

Renaissance

Ideal City: "The humanist concept of the 'ideal city' came to life here in the neighbourhoods built from 1492 onwards by Biagio Rossetti according to the new principles of perspective." (Official description)

Romanesque: Pomposa Abbey, Ferrara Cathedral

Pre-Romanesque: Basilica di Pomposa

Baroque: Chiesa dei Teatini, Palazzo Paradiso, San Carlo Borromeo

Brick architecture: Many of the buildings in Ferrara are made with brick. "The Palazzo Schifanoia (...) has a long brick facade with a marble portal bearing the arms of the commanderv, the work of Ercole de' Roberti." (1995 AB Ev) + Castello Estense (Wikipedia)

Designed by Leon Battista Alberti: The unfinished Renaissance bell tower of the cathedral is attributed to Leon Battista Alberti and was built in 1451-1493.

Designed by Pirro Ligorio: According to historians, the façade of the Palazzo Bentivoglio was designed by Ligorio.

English garden: Massari Park: the name of the park comes from the Massari counts who purchased the palace that bears their name and, later, transformed the pre-existing garden into an English park.

Gothic: "Different from the entirely Romanesque façades of Modena and Parma Cathedrals, the upper parts of that in Ferrara show Gothic forms, already beginning in with the peaked arches comprising the triple round arches of first gallery."

Italian Renaissance garden: The garden of the Palazzo Costabili is not the original one, as it is a reconstruction in the style of a typical Renaissance garden carried out in the 1930s.

Mannerism: The façade of the Palazzo Bentivoglio

Spolia: In the center of the Cathedral stands the main altar, consecrated in 1728. It is the work of Celio Tirini, who reused marble from buildings in Ravenna, mostly deriving from the ruins of King Theodoric's Palace of Ravenna.

Urban fabric: "The originality of the urban fabric of Ferrara, along with its Renaissance design and layout elements, makes it a clearly recognisable Renaissance city." (Official description)

Constructions

Walled cities

Necropolises: Etruscan necropolis of Spina near Comacchio

Canals: Canale San Nicolo-Medelana

Equestrian Statues: At the square in front of the cathedral, there's a statue of Niccolo III d'Este seated on a horse.

Cemeteries: Monumental cemetery of the Ferrara Charterhouse

Clock Tower: The clock tower of the Delizia della Diamantina

Dynastic Burial Places: The monastery of Corpus Domini, founded in 1406, has traditionally been the main burial place of members of the Este family in the city

Freestanding Bell Tower: The bell tower of the Duomo of Comacchio

Hospitals: The "Arcispedale Sant'Anna di Ferrara" Hospital, now outside the city, was originally founded in 1445 on the site of an ancient monastery of Augustinian friars from Armenia to which an oratory dedicated to Sant'Anna was linked. This was the first seat of the hospital, situated in the Piazzetta Sant'Anna. In 1927, the Sant'Anna was moved to a new location in Corso Giovecca.

Loggia: "The casa Romei was built in 1442 for the banker husband of an Este princess, in the centre of the addizione of Niccolo II (1386). (...) It is oriented on two arcaded courtyards and loggias decorated with paintings, which open on to halls that have retained part of their interior decoration, such as the Hall of the Sibyls." (1995 AB Ev) + The loggias of the Cathedral, such as the gothic loggia above the main portal and the loggias on the south side.

Monumental Columns: In the centre of the Piazza Ariostea stands the sixteenth-century column designed by Ercole Grandi from Ferrara on which, since 1833, stands the statue of Ludovico Ariosto, the poet from whom the square takes its name.

Notable Bridges: "The Ponte dei Trepponti or Trepponti bridge is a masonry arch bridge in Comacchio, Italy. It spans the Palotta canal, which splits up underneath it. The Trepponti bridge is a rare example of a five-way multi-way bridge."

Prison: In the Castello Estense, prisons, located at moat level, are in the basement of the Leoni tower. The Este family locked up high-ranking people or prisoners who required particular surveillance, certainly not common prisoners who found their place in the prisons of the Palazzo della Ragione. In some cells it is still possible to recognize some traces left by the inmates such as graffiti written on the bricks of the wall.

Theatres and Opera Houses: Teatro Comunale

Tombs: The tomb of the Italian poet Ludovico Ariosto in the Palazzo Paradiso

Unfinished constructions: Ferrara Cathedral: "The marble campanile attributed to Leon Battista Alberti was initiated in 1412 but is still incomplete, missing one projected additional storey and a dome, as it can be observed from numerous historical prints and paintings on the subject."

Damaged

Destroyed during invasion: Comacchio was destroyed by the Venetians in 854

Destroyed or damaged by Earthquake: 1570

Damaged in World War II: "During World War II", the Castello Estense "was severely damaged by Allied aerial bombing, thus it was partially reconstructed in 1946." The Teatro Comunale also suffered badly.

Ecology

Flamingos: There are flamingos in the Po Delta Regional Park.

Lagoons: The lagoons of Comacchio (1999 AB Ev)

Salamanders: The Italian crested newt in the Regional Park of the Po Delta.

Turtles and tortoises: The European pond turtle and Hermann's tortoise in the Regional Park of the Po Delta.

Geography

River deltas: Po Delta

Adriatic Sea: Po-Delta (Mesola)

Lowest (below sea level): Bosco Mesola is located at approximately -1 m below sea level.

Religion and Belief

Cathedrals: Bas Cat di S Giorgio

Jewish religion and culture: Synagogue and jewish cemetery

Benedictines: Pomposa Abbey

Carthusian Order: Certosa San Cristoforo

Augustinian Order: Sant'Antonio in Polesine is a Benedictine monastery "founded in the early Middle Ages by Augustinian hermits". (Wikipedia)

Carmelites: The church of San Paolo was entrusted from 1295 to the Order of the Blessed Virgin of Mount Carmel.

Dominican Order: Chiesa di San Domenico

Female Christian Mystics: Saint Catherine of Bologna "was raised at Niccolo III's court as a lady-in-waiting to his wife Parisina Malatesta and became lifelong friends with his natural daughter Margherita d'Este (...) In 1426, (...) Catherine left court and joined a lay community of beguines (...) In 1431 the beguine house was converted into the Observant Poor Clare convent of Corpus Domini, which grew from 12 women in 1431 to 144 women by the end of the century. Catherine lived at Corpus Domini, Ferrara most of her life from 1431 to 1456, serving as Mistress of Novices. She was a model of piety and reported experiencing miracles and several visions of Christ, the Virgin Mary, Thomas Becket, and Joseph, as well as future events, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453."

Franciscan Order: Chiesa di San Francesco

Hercules: Above the entrance of the Palazzo Prosperi-Sacrati, situated on the Quadrivio degli Angeli, there are two tondos, in one of which the bust of Hercules is visible wearing the skin of the Nemean lion, a clear reference to Ercole I d'Este.

Jesuit Order: Chiesa del Gesù

Legends and Folk Myths: According to a widespread local legend, the devil left his goat footprint in the stone of the side portal because some of his protégés were condemned here, but another story is also told, linked to the magician Chiozzino. The hydraulic engineer Bartolomeo Chiozzi, who actually existed, is said to have made a pact with the devil and that, to break this pact, he asked for the help of the Dominican fathers of the church. Chiozzi, nicknamed the magician Chiozzino, managed to save himself, while the devil, out of anger, left his goat footprint on the side entrance of the church.

Marian Shrines: The Sanctuary of Santa Maria in Aula Regia in Comacchio. On the altar there is an altarpiece represented by a statue dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, in terracotta, from the Renaissance period. This work, venerated by the citizens with the title that gives its name to the sanctuary, is the protector of the city.

Nunneries: The Corpus Domini Monastery was founded in 1406. Saint Catherine of lived at the monastery most of her life from 1431 to 1456. The number of nuns progressively increased until it exceeded one hundred. Popular devotion, thanks to donations, allowed the construction of new buildings. Giovanni Romei, a banker linked to the Este family, donated his palace which stood a short distance away (Casa Romei) to the convent and in this way the religious complex reached the size of an entire city neighbourhood.

Religious Relics: The relics of San Leo are preserved in the right nave of the church of Santo Stefano.

Servite Order: Chiesa di Santa Maria dei Servi, built for the Order of the Servites of Mary

Theatines: Chiesa dei Teatini

Science and Technology

Astronomy and Astrology: The months' hall at the Schifanoia palace is one of the most important astrological representations of Renaissance with the orientalising depictions of the decans and the connections between signs and Olympic gods. It has been the subject of a seminal study by Warburg and his school.

Botanical Gardens: University of Ferrara Botanic Garden

Libraries: The Biblioteca Comunale Ariostea in the Palazzo Paradiso

Universities: The University of Ferrara was founded in 1391. (1995 AB Ev) It is located in various buildings around the city, e.g. Palazzo Bevilacqua Costabili, Palazzo Turchi di Bagno, Palazzo Paradiso.

Timeline

Built in the 15th century: city plan (1492)

Trivia

Dubbed as another WHS: Comacchio is dubbed Little Venice / The Delizia di Belriguardo was the summer palace of the Este court which, having been built in 1435, was the first summer residence of a lordship in Europe. It has also been defined as the "Versailles of the Este family".

Discovered from the Air: "The archaeological finds from the burials of Spina were discovered with the help of aerial photography. Aside from the white reflective surfaces of the modern drainage channels there appeared in the photographs a ghostly network of dark lines and light rectangles, the former indicating richer vegetation on the sites of ancient canals. Thus the layout of the ancient trading port was revealed, now miles from the sea, due to the sedimentation of the Po delta." (wiki)

Location for a classic movie: "The Garden of the Finzi-Continis" is set in Ferrara and used the city for exterior shots. The film won the Golden Bear and 1972 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Built or owned by French: Joannon de Saint Laurent designed the Chiesa della Natività di Maria Santissima in Mesola.

WHS Hotspots

Emilia-Romagna and Marche Hotspot: Half hour by train

WHS Names

Named after a River: Po

Name changes: First, from "Ferrara: a city of Renaissance and of walls permanent system" to "Ferrara, city of the Renaissance". (1995 AB Ev) Then, with the extension in 1999, from "City of Ferrara" to "Ferrara, City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta".

WHS on Other Lists

World Biosphere Reserves: The Po Delta biosphere reserve (2015)

European Cemeteries Route: Certosa

World Heritage Process

Cultural landscape not recognized: 1999 extension in AB ev described as cultural landscape - crit v of the inscription even says "The Po Delta is an outstanding planned cultural landscape"

Extended: 1999: to include the Este ducal residences in the Po Delta and the cultural landscape of the Po Delta

Visitors

343 Community Members have visited.

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The Plaque

Ferrara information board including all elements in front of Castello Estense - 44.83717488479322, 11.618474194766824

World Heritage Site

for World Heritage Travellers

Ferrara

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Map of Ferrara

Community Reviews

Graeme Ramshaw

Natasha Kelly

Community Rating

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Site Info

2 3 4 5 6

Site History

1999 Extended

1999 Name change

1999 Revision

1999 Revision

1995 Inscribed

Site Links

Unesco Website

Official Website

Related

Locations

Connections

Art and Architecture

Constructions

Damaged

Ecology

Geography

History

Human Activity

Individual People

Religion and Belief

Science and Technology

Timeline

Trivia

WHS Hotspots

WHS Names

WHS on Other Lists

World Heritage Process

Visitors

The Plaque